The Metaphysics of Equality: Unpacking Its Philosophical Ambiguities

Abstract

The concept of equality is one of the fundamental ideals of human society. We cannot deny the importance of the principle of equality in shaping our ideas and thoughts to establish an egalitarian society. Throughout history, it has guided human societies in creating a just and welfare state—a society in which every individual would be treated with equal dignity and respect. The assertion is that each individual on this earth is born equal and free and has the freedom to do whatever he or she wishes. In other words, the primary aim of the ideal of equality is to establish a just and egalitarian society by ensuring equal dignity, respect, and liberty for each individual. However, the concept of equality has various meanings and alternatives. Depending on individual requirements, the nature and meaning of equality also vary. As a result, significant ambiguity remains around key questions such as: What does equality essentially mean? What does it mean to say that all people are created equal? What justifies treating everyone equally? What kinds of relationships does equality refer to? What are the scope and limitations of equality? Some argue that the idea of social equality is inherently problematic. It makes people and society unenthusiastic. Further, equality is the infringement of one’s liberty, right to possess property, and freedom to live as one pleases. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the conceptual foundation and meaning of equality.